diff --git a/changelogs/fragments/10975-mod-fstr-r.yml b/changelogs/fragments/10975-mod-fstr-r.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..304316f055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelogs/fragments/10975-mod-fstr-r.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+minor_changes:
+  - read_csv - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - redfish_command - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - redfish_config - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - redfish_info - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - redhat_subscription - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - redis - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - redis_data - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - redis_data_incr - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - redis_data_info - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - redis_info - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - rhevm - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - rhsm_release - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - rhsm_repository - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - riak - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - rocketchat - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - rollbar_deployment - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - rundeck_acl_policy - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - rundeck_job_executions_info - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - rundeck_job_run - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - rundeck_project - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
+  - runit - use f-strings for string templating (https://github.com/ansible-collections/community.general/pull/10975).
diff --git a/plugins/modules/read_csv.py b/plugins/modules/read_csv.py
index e195029d03..8fd5bc4c50 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/read_csv.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/read_csv.py
@@ -187,12 +187,12 @@ def main():
         with open(path, 'rb') as f:
             data = f.read()
     except (IOError, OSError) as e:
-        module.fail_json(msg="Unable to open file: %s" % to_native(e))
+        module.fail_json(msg=f"Unable to open file: {e}")
 
     reader = read_csv(data, dialect, fieldnames)
 
     if key and key not in reader.fieldnames:
-        module.fail_json(msg="Key '%s' was not found in the CSV header fields: %s" % (key, ', '.join(reader.fieldnames)))
+        module.fail_json(msg=f"Key '{key}' was not found in the CSV header fields: {', '.join(reader.fieldnames)}")
 
     data_dict = dict()
     data_list = list()
@@ -202,15 +202,15 @@ def main():
             for row in reader:
                 data_list.append(row)
         except CSVError as e:
-            module.fail_json(msg="Unable to process file: %s" % to_native(e))
+            module.fail_json(msg=f"Unable to process file: {e}")
     else:
         try:
             for row in reader:
                 if unique and row[key] in data_dict:
-                    module.fail_json(msg="Key '%s' is not unique for value '%s'" % (key, row[key]))
+                    module.fail_json(msg=f"Key '{key}' is not unique for value '{row[key]}'")
                 data_dict[row[key]] = row
         except CSVError as e:
-            module.fail_json(msg="Unable to process file: %s" % to_native(e))
+            module.fail_json(msg=f"Unable to process file: {e}")
 
     module.exit_json(dict=data_dict, list=data_list)
 
diff --git a/plugins/modules/redfish_command.py b/plugins/modules/redfish_command.py
index 736d38d6c4..8531acb4fc 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/redfish_command.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/redfish_command.py
@@ -1003,19 +1003,19 @@ def main():
     bios_attributes = module.params['bios_attributes']
 
     # Build root URI
-    root_uri = "https://" + module.params['baseuri']
+    root_uri = f"https://{module.params['baseuri']}"
     rf_utils = RedfishUtils(creds, root_uri, timeout, module,
                             resource_id=resource_id, data_modification=True, strip_etag_quotes=strip_etag_quotes)
 
     # Check that Category is valid
     if category not in CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL:
-        module.fail_json(msg=to_native("Invalid Category '%s'. Valid Categories = %s" % (category, list(CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL.keys()))))
+        module.fail_json(msg=to_native(f"Invalid Category '{category}'. Valid Categories = {list(CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL.keys())}"))
 
     # Check that all commands are valid
     for cmd in command_list:
         # Fail if even one command given is invalid
         if cmd not in CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL[category]:
-            module.fail_json(msg=to_native("Invalid Command '%s'. Valid Commands = %s" % (cmd, CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL[category])))
+            module.fail_json(msg=to_native(f"Invalid Command '{cmd}'. Valid Commands = {CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL[category]}"))
 
     # Organize by Categories / Commands
     if category == "Accounts":
diff --git a/plugins/modules/redfish_config.py b/plugins/modules/redfish_config.py
index a804baab8e..269bca2540 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/redfish_config.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/redfish_config.py
@@ -507,19 +507,19 @@ def main():
     power_restore_policy = module.params['power_restore_policy']
 
     # Build root URI
-    root_uri = "https://" + module.params['baseuri']
+    root_uri = f"https://{module.params['baseuri']}"
     rf_utils = RedfishUtils(creds, root_uri, timeout, module,
                             resource_id=resource_id, data_modification=True, strip_etag_quotes=strip_etag_quotes)
 
     # Check that Category is valid
     if category not in CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL:
-        module.fail_json(msg=to_native("Invalid Category '%s'. Valid Categories = %s" % (category, list(CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL.keys()))))
+        module.fail_json(msg=to_native(f"Invalid Category '{category}'. Valid Categories = {list(CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL.keys())}"))
 
     # Check that all commands are valid
     for cmd in command_list:
         # Fail if even one command given is invalid
         if cmd not in CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL[category]:
-            module.fail_json(msg=to_native("Invalid Command '%s'. Valid Commands = %s" % (cmd, CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL[category])))
+            module.fail_json(msg=to_native(f"Invalid Command '{cmd}'. Valid Commands = {CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL[category]}"))
 
     # Organize by Categories / Commands
     if category == "Systems":
diff --git a/plugins/modules/redfish_info.py b/plugins/modules/redfish_info.py
index af1b3af319..6823a00ace 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/redfish_info.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/redfish_info.py
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ def main():
     manager = module.params['manager']
 
     # Build root URI
-    root_uri = "https://" + module.params['baseuri']
+    root_uri = f"https://{module.params['baseuri']}"
     rf_utils = RedfishUtils(creds, root_uri, timeout, module)
 
     # Build Category list
@@ -500,10 +500,10 @@ def main():
                 for cmd in command_list:
                     # Fail if even one command given is invalid
                     if cmd not in CATEGORY_COMMANDS_ALL[category]:
-                        module.fail_json(msg="Invalid Command: %s" % cmd)
+                        module.fail_json(msg=f"Invalid Command: {cmd}")
         else:
             # Fail if even one category given is invalid
-            module.fail_json(msg="Invalid Category: %s" % category)
+            module.fail_json(msg=f"Invalid Category: {category}")
 
         # Organize by Categories / Commands
         if category == "Service":
diff --git a/plugins/modules/redhat_subscription.py b/plugins/modules/redhat_subscription.py
index c2b76fe8ac..e35dd621ae 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/redhat_subscription.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/redhat_subscription.py
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ class Rhsm(object):
         self.module = module
 
     def update_plugin_conf(self, plugin, enabled=True):
-        plugin_conf = '/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/%s.conf' % plugin
+        plugin_conf = f'/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/{plugin}.conf'
 
         if isfile(plugin_conf):
             tmpfd, tmpfile = tempfile.mkstemp()
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ class Rhsm(object):
         options = []
         for k, v in sorted(kwargs.items()):
             if re.search(r'^(server|rhsm)_', k) and v is not None:
-                options.append('--%s=%s' % (k.replace('_', '.', 1), v))
+                options.append(f"--{k.replace('_', '.', 1)}={v}")
 
         # When there is nothing to configure, then it is not necessary
         # to run config command, because it only returns current
@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ class Rhsm(object):
             bus.flush()
 
         except dbus.exceptions.DBusException as e:
-            self.module.debug('Failed to connect to system D-Bus bus, will use CLI: %s' % e)
+            self.module.debug(f'Failed to connect to system D-Bus bus, will use CLI: {e}')
             return False
 
         self.module.debug('Verified system D-Bus bus as usable')
@@ -755,7 +755,7 @@ class Rhsm(object):
         '''
         items = []
         if serials is not None and serials:
-            items = ["--serial=%s" % s for s in serials]
+            items = [f"--serial={s}" for s in serials]
         if serials is None:
             items = ["--all"]
 
@@ -790,7 +790,7 @@ class Rhsm(object):
                     args.extend(['--quantity', to_native(quantity)])
                 rc, stderr, stdout = self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=True)
             else:
-                self.module.fail_json(msg='Pool ID: %s not in list of available pools' % pool_id)
+                self.module.fail_json(msg=f'Pool ID: {pool_id} not in list of available pools')
         return pool_ids
 
     def update_subscriptions_by_pool_ids(self, pool_ids):
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ class RhsmPool(object):
         return int(getattr(self, 'QuantityUsed'))
 
     def subscribe(self):
-        args = "subscription-manager attach --pool %s" % self.get_pool_id()
+        args = f"subscription-manager attach --pool {self.get_pool_id()}"
         rc, stdout, stderr = self.module.run_command(args, check_rc=True)
         if rc == 0:
             return True
@@ -956,8 +956,7 @@ class SysPurpose(object):
             elif key == 'sync':
                 pass
             else:
-                raise KeyError("Attribute: %s not in list of allowed attributes: %s" %
-                               (key, self.ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES))
+                raise KeyError(f"Attribute: {key} not in list of allowed attributes: {self.ALLOWED_ATTRIBUTES}")
         current_syspurpose = self._read_syspurpose()
         if current_syspurpose != syspurpose:
             syspurpose_changed = True
@@ -1101,7 +1100,7 @@ def main():
         try:
             syspurpose_changed = SysPurpose().update_syspurpose(syspurpose)
         except Exception as err:
-            module.fail_json(msg="Failed to update syspurpose attributes: %s" % to_native(err))
+            module.fail_json(msg=f"Failed to update syspurpose attributes: {to_native(err)}")
 
     # Ensure system is registered
     if state == 'present':
@@ -1115,12 +1114,12 @@ def main():
                 try:
                     rhsm.sync_syspurpose()
                 except Exception as e:
-                    module.fail_json(msg="Failed to synchronize syspurpose attributes: %s" % to_native(e))
+                    module.fail_json(msg=f"Failed to synchronize syspurpose attributes: {to_native(e)}")
             if pool_ids:
                 try:
                     result = rhsm.update_subscriptions_by_pool_ids(pool_ids)
                 except Exception as e:
-                    module.fail_json(msg="Failed to update subscriptions for '%s': %s" % (server_hostname, to_native(e)))
+                    module.fail_json(msg=f"Failed to update subscriptions for '{server_hostname}': {to_native(e)}")
                 else:
                     module.exit_json(**result)
             else:
@@ -1144,10 +1143,10 @@ def main():
                 else:
                     subscribed_pool_ids = []
             except Exception as e:
-                module.fail_json(msg="Failed to register with '%s': %s" % (server_hostname, to_native(e)))
+                module.fail_json(msg=f"Failed to register with '{server_hostname}': {to_native(e)}")
             else:
                 module.exit_json(changed=True,
-                                 msg="System successfully registered to '%s'." % server_hostname,
+                                 msg=f"System successfully registered to '{server_hostname}'.",
                                  subscribed_pool_ids=subscribed_pool_ids)
 
     # Ensure system is *not* registered
@@ -1158,9 +1157,9 @@ def main():
             try:
                 rhsm.unregister()
             except Exception as e:
-                module.fail_json(msg="Failed to unregister: %s" % to_native(e))
+                module.fail_json(msg=f"Failed to unregister: {e}")
             else:
-                module.exit_json(changed=True, msg="System successfully unregistered from %s." % server_hostname)
+                module.exit_json(changed=True, msg=f"System successfully unregistered from {server_hostname}.")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/plugins/modules/redis.py b/plugins/modules/redis.py
index f442599368..9ef6dc29f2 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/redis.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/redis.py
@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ else:
 
 from ansible.module_utils.basic import AnsibleModule
 from ansible.module_utils.common.text.formatters import human_to_bytes
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
 from ansible_collections.community.general.plugins.module_utils.redis import (
     fail_imports, redis_auth_argument_spec, redis_auth_params)
 import re
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ def main():
         try:
             r.ping()
         except Exception as e:
-            module.fail_json(msg="unable to connect to database: %s" % to_native(e), exception=traceback.format_exc())
+            module.fail_json(msg=f"unable to connect to database: {e}", exception=traceback.format_exc())
 
         # Check if we are already in the mode that we want
         info = r.info()
@@ -282,7 +281,7 @@ def main():
         try:
             r.ping()
         except Exception as e:
-            module.fail_json(msg="unable to connect to database: %s" % to_native(e), exception=traceback.format_exc())
+            module.fail_json(msg=f"unable to connect to database: {e}", exception=traceback.format_exc())
 
         # Do the stuff
         # (Check Check_mode before commands so the commands aren't evaluated
@@ -297,7 +296,7 @@ def main():
             if module.check_mode or flush(r, db):
                 module.exit_json(changed=True, flushed=True, db=db)
             else:  # Flush never fails :)
-                module.fail_json(msg="Unable to flush '%d' database" % db)
+                module.fail_json(msg=f"Unable to flush '{db}' database")
     elif command == 'config':
         name = module.params['name']
 
@@ -314,12 +313,12 @@ def main():
         try:
             r.ping()
         except Exception as e:
-            module.fail_json(msg="unable to connect to database: %s" % to_native(e), exception=traceback.format_exc())
+            module.fail_json(msg=f"unable to connect to database: {e}", exception=traceback.format_exc())
 
         try:
             old_value = r.config_get(name)[name]
         except Exception as e:
-            module.fail_json(msg="unable to read config: %s" % to_native(e), exception=traceback.format_exc())
+            module.fail_json(msg=f"unable to read config: {e}", exception=traceback.format_exc())
         changed = old_value != value
 
         if module.check_mode or not changed:
@@ -328,7 +327,7 @@ def main():
             try:
                 r.config_set(name, value)
             except Exception as e:
-                module.fail_json(msg="unable to write config: %s" % to_native(e), exception=traceback.format_exc())
+                module.fail_json(msg=f"unable to write config: {e}", exception=traceback.format_exc())
             module.exit_json(changed=changed, name=name, value=value)
     else:
         module.fail_json(msg='A valid command must be provided')
diff --git a/plugins/modules/redis_data.py b/plugins/modules/redis_data.py
index dfca11c898..eb4a7e7ef0 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/redis_data.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/redis_data.py
@@ -177,35 +177,33 @@ def main():
     try:
         old_value = redis.connection.get(key)
     except Exception as e:
-        msg = 'Failed to get value of key: {0} with exception: {1}'.format(
-            key, str(e))
+        msg = f'Failed to get value of key: {key} with exception: {e}'
         result['msg'] = msg
         module.fail_json(**result)
 
     if state == 'absent':
         if module.check_mode:
             if old_value is None:
-                msg = 'Key: {0} not present'.format(key)
+                msg = f'Key: {key} not present'
                 result['msg'] = msg
                 module.exit_json(**result)
             else:
-                msg = 'Deleted key: {0}'.format(key)
+                msg = f'Deleted key: {key}'
                 result['msg'] = msg
                 module.exit_json(**result)
         try:
             ret = redis.connection.delete(key)
             if ret == 0:
-                msg = 'Key: {0} not present'.format(key)
+                msg = f'Key: {key} not present'
                 result['msg'] = msg
                 module.exit_json(**result)
             else:
-                msg = 'Deleted key: {0}'.format(key)
+                msg = f'Deleted key: {key}'
                 result['msg'] = msg
                 result['changed'] = True
                 module.exit_json(**result)
         except Exception as e:
-            msg = 'Failed to delete key: {0} with exception: {1}'.format(
-                key, str(e))
+            msg = f'Failed to delete key: {key} with exception: {e}'
             result['msg'] = msg
             module.fail_json(**result)
 
@@ -213,38 +211,36 @@ def main():
     try:
         old_value = redis.connection.get(key)
     except Exception as e:
-        msg = 'Failed to get value of key: {0} with exception: {1}'.format(
-            key, str(e))
+        msg = f'Failed to get value of key: {key} with exception: {e}'
         result['msg'] = msg
         module.fail_json(**result)
 
     result['old_value'] = old_value
     if old_value == value and keepttl is not False and px is None:
-        msg = 'Key {0} already has desired value'.format(key)
+        msg = f'Key {key} already has desired value'
         result['msg'] = msg
         result['value'] = value
         module.exit_json(**result)
     if module.check_mode:
-        result['msg'] = 'Set key: {0}'.format(key)
+        result['msg'] = f'Set key: {key}'
         result['value'] = value
         module.exit_json(**result)
     try:
         ret = redis.connection.set(**set_args)
         if ret is None:
             if nx:
-                msg = 'Could not set key: {0}. Key already present.'.format(
-                    key)
+                msg = f'Could not set key: {key}. Key already present.'
             else:
-                msg = 'Could not set key: {0}. Key not present.'.format(key)
+                msg = f'Could not set key: {key}. Key not present.'
             result['msg'] = msg
             module.fail_json(**result)
-        msg = 'Set key: {0}'.format(key)
+        msg = f'Set key: {key}'
         result['msg'] = msg
         result['changed'] = True
         result['value'] = value
         module.exit_json(**result)
     except Exception as e:
-        msg = 'Failed to set key: {0} with exception: {2}'.format(key, str(e))
+        msg = f'Failed to set key: {key} with exception: {e}'
         result['msg'] = msg
         module.fail_json(**result)
 
diff --git a/plugins/modules/redis_data_incr.py b/plugins/modules/redis_data_incr.py
index f6c1b67401..3a1d4ed158 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/redis_data_incr.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/redis_data_incr.py
@@ -126,17 +126,14 @@ def main():
             if res is not None:
                 value = float(res)
         except ValueError as e:
-            msg = 'Value: {0} of key: {1} is not incrementable(int or float)'.format(
-                res, key)
+            msg = f'Value: {res} of key: {key} is not incrementable(int or float)'
             result['msg'] = msg
             module.fail_json(**result)
         except Exception as e:
-            msg = 'Failed to get value of key: {0} with exception: {1}'.format(
-                key, str(e))
+            msg = f'Failed to get value of key: {key} with exception: {e}'
             result['msg'] = msg
             module.fail_json(**result)
-        msg = 'Incremented key: {0} by {1} to {2}'.format(
-            key, increment, value + increment)
+        msg = f'Incremented key: {key} by {increment} to {value + increment}'
         result['msg'] = msg
         result['value'] = float(value + increment)
         module.exit_json(**result)
@@ -144,42 +141,37 @@ def main():
     if increment_float is not None:
         try:
             value = redis.connection.incrbyfloat(key, increment)
-            msg = 'Incremented key: {0} by {1} to {2}'.format(
-                key, increment, value)
+            msg = f'Incremented key: {key} by {increment} to {value}'
             result['msg'] = msg
             result['value'] = float(value)
             result['changed'] = True
             module.exit_json(**result)
         except Exception as e:
-            msg = 'Failed to increment key: {0} by {1} with exception: {2}'.format(
-                key, increment, str(e))
+            msg = f'Failed to increment key: {key} by {increment} with exception: {e}'
             result['msg'] = msg
             module.fail_json(**result)
     elif increment_int is not None:
         try:
             value = redis.connection.incrby(key, increment)
-            msg = 'Incremented key: {0} by {1} to {2}'.format(
-                key, increment, value)
+            msg = f'Incremented key: {key} by {increment} to {value}'
             result['msg'] = msg
             result['value'] = float(value)
             result['changed'] = True
             module.exit_json(**result)
         except Exception as e:
-            msg = 'Failed to increment key: {0} by {1} with exception: {2}'.format(
-                key, increment, str(e))
+            msg = f'Failed to increment key: {key} by {increment} with exception: {e}'
             result['msg'] = msg
             module.fail_json(**result)
     else:
         try:
             value = redis.connection.incr(key)
-            msg = 'Incremented key: {0} to {1}'.format(key, value)
+            msg = f'Incremented key: {key} to {value}'
             result['msg'] = msg
             result['value'] = float(value)
             result['changed'] = True
             module.exit_json(**result)
         except Exception as e:
-            msg = 'Failed to increment key: {0} with exception: {1}'.format(
-                key, str(e))
+            msg = f'Failed to increment key: {key} with exception: {e}'
             result['msg'] = msg
             module.fail_json(**result)
 
diff --git a/plugins/modules/redis_data_info.py b/plugins/modules/redis_data_info.py
index ad0ea943b4..5750e2c2a4 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/redis_data_info.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/redis_data_info.py
@@ -93,16 +93,15 @@ def main():
     try:
         value = redis.connection.get(key)
     except Exception as e:
-        msg = 'Failed to get value of key "{0}" with exception: {1}'.format(
-            key, str(e))
+        msg = f'Failed to get value of key "{key}" with exception: {e}'
         result['msg'] = msg
         module.fail_json(**result)
 
     if value is None:
-        msg = 'Key "{0}" does not exist in database'.format(key)
+        msg = f'Key "{key}" does not exist in database'
         result['exists'] = False
     else:
-        msg = 'Got key "{0}"'.format(key)
+        msg = f'Got key "{key}"'
         result['value'] = value
         result['exists'] = True
     result['msg'] = msg
diff --git a/plugins/modules/redis_info.py b/plugins/modules/redis_info.py
index f4327a121f..fd02ebdeec 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/redis_info.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/redis_info.py
@@ -223,7 +223,6 @@ except ImportError:
     HAS_REDIS_PACKAGE = False
 
 from ansible.module_utils.basic import AnsibleModule
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
 from ansible_collections.community.general.plugins.module_utils.redis import (
     fail_imports, redis_auth_argument_spec, redis_auth_params)
 
@@ -253,7 +252,7 @@ def main():
     try:
         client.ping()
     except Exception as e:
-        module.fail_json(msg="unable to connect to database: %s" % to_native(e), exception=traceback.format_exc())
+        module.fail_json(msg=f"unable to connect to database: {e}", exception=traceback.format_exc())
 
     info = client.info()
 
diff --git a/plugins/modules/rhevm.py b/plugins/modules/rhevm.py
index 422d2739d2..647b278574 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/rhevm.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/rhevm.py
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
         port = module.params.get('port')
         insecure_api = module.params.get('insecure_api')
 
-        url = "https://%s:%s" % (server, port)
+        url = f"https://{server}:{port}"
 
         try:
             api = API(url=url, username=user, password=password, insecure=str(insecure_api))
@@ -432,11 +432,11 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
         try:
             VM.disks.add(newdisk)
             VM.update()
-            setMsg("Successfully added disk " + diskname)
+            setMsg(f"Successfully added disk {diskname}")
             setChanged()
         except Exception as e:
             setFailed()
-            setMsg("Error attaching " + diskname + "disk, please recheck and remove any leftover configuration.")
+            setMsg(f"Error attaching {diskname}disk, please recheck and remove any leftover configuration.")
             setMsg(str(e))
             return False
 
@@ -446,15 +446,15 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
             while currentdisk.status.state != 'ok':
                 currentdisk = VM.disks.get(name=diskname)
                 if attempt == 100:
-                    setMsg("Error, disk %s, state %s" % (diskname, str(currentdisk.status.state)))
+                    setMsg(f"Error, disk {diskname}, state {currentdisk.status.state}")
                     raise Exception()
                 else:
                     attempt += 1
                     time.sleep(2)
-            setMsg("The disk  " + diskname + " is ready.")
+            setMsg(f"The disk  {diskname} is ready.")
         except Exception as e:
             setFailed()
-            setMsg("Error getting the state of " + diskname + ".")
+            setMsg(f"Error getting the state of {diskname}.")
             setMsg(str(e))
             return False
         return True
@@ -472,11 +472,11 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
         try:
             VM.nics.add(newnic)
             VM.update()
-            setMsg("Successfully added iface " + nicname)
+            setMsg(f"Successfully added iface {nicname}")
             setChanged()
         except Exception as e:
             setFailed()
-            setMsg("Error attaching " + nicname + " iface, please recheck and remove any leftover configuration.")
+            setMsg(f"Error attaching {nicname} iface, please recheck and remove any leftover configuration.")
             setMsg(str(e))
             return False
 
@@ -486,15 +486,15 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
             while currentnic.active is not True:
                 currentnic = VM.nics.get(name=nicname)
                 if attempt == 100:
-                    setMsg("Error, iface %s, state %s" % (nicname, str(currentnic.active)))
+                    setMsg(f"Error, iface {nicname}, state {currentnic.active}")
                     raise Exception()
                 else:
                     attempt += 1
                     time.sleep(2)
-            setMsg("The iface  " + nicname + " is ready.")
+            setMsg(f"The iface  {nicname} is ready.")
         except Exception as e:
             setFailed()
-            setMsg("Error getting the state of " + nicname + ".")
+            setMsg(f"Error getting the state of {nicname}.")
             setMsg(str(e))
             return False
         return True
@@ -596,7 +596,7 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
 
     def set_Disk(self, diskname, disksize, diskinterface, diskboot):
         DISK = self.get_disk(diskname)
-        setMsg("Checking disk " + diskname)
+        setMsg(f"Checking disk {diskname}")
         if DISK.get_bootable() != diskboot:
             try:
                 DISK.set_bootable(diskboot)
@@ -648,15 +648,15 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
         checkFail()
         if NIC.name != newname:
             NIC.name = newname
-            setMsg('Updating iface name to ' + newname)
+            setMsg(f"Updating iface name to {newname}")
             setChanged()
         if str(NIC.network.id) != str(NETWORK.id):
             NIC.set_network(NETWORK)
-            setMsg('Updating iface network to ' + vlan)
+            setMsg(f"Updating iface network to {vlan}")
             setChanged()
         if NIC.interface != interface:
             NIC.interface = interface
-            setMsg('Updating iface interface to ' + interface)
+            setMsg(f"Updating iface interface to {interface}")
             setChanged()
         try:
             NIC.update()
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
             try:
                 for iface in ifaces:
                     try:
-                        setMsg('creating host interface ' + iface['name'])
+                        setMsg(f"creating host interface {iface['name']}")
                         if 'management' in iface:
                             manageip = iface['ip']
                         if 'boot_protocol' not in iface:
@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
                                         )
                                     )
                                 except Exception as e:
-                                    setMsg('Failed to create the bond for  ' + iface['name'])
+                                    setMsg(f"Failed to create the bond for  {iface['name']}")
                                     setFailed()
                                     setMsg(str(e))
                                     return False
@@ -759,9 +759,9 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
                                         override_configuration=True,
                                         bonding=tmpiface)
                                     networklist.append(tmpnetwork)
-                                    setMsg('Applying network ' + iface['name'])
+                                    setMsg(f"Applying network {iface['name']}")
                                 except Exception as e:
-                                    setMsg('Failed to set' + iface['name'] + ' as network interface')
+                                    setMsg(f"Failed to set{iface['name']} as network interface")
                                     setFailed()
                                     setMsg(str(e))
                                     return False
@@ -776,7 +776,7 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
                                         gateway=iface['gateway']
                                     ))
                                 networklist.append(tmpnetwork)
-                                setMsg('Applying network ' + iface['name'])
+                                setMsg(f"Applying network {iface['name']}")
                         else:
                             tmpiface = params.HostNIC(
                                 name=iface['name'],
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
                                 ))
                         ifacelist[iface['name']] = tmpiface
                     except Exception as e:
-                        setMsg('Failed to set ' + iface['name'])
+                        setMsg(f"Failed to set {iface['name']}")
                         setFailed()
                         setMsg(str(e))
                         return False
@@ -824,7 +824,7 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
 
                     HOST = self.get_Host(host_name)
                     state = HOST.status.state
-                    setMsg('State before setting to maintenance: ' + str(state))
+                    setMsg(f"State before setting to maintenance: {state}")
                     HOST.deactivate()
                     while state != 'maintenance':
                         HOST = self.get_Host(host_name)
@@ -953,7 +953,7 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
         try:
             VM.placement_policy.host = HOST
             VM.update()
-            setMsg("Set startup host to " + vmhost)
+            setMsg(f"Set startup host to {vmhost}")
             setChanged()
         except Exception as e:
             setMsg("Failed to set startup host.")
@@ -976,7 +976,7 @@ class RHEVConn(object):
                     ),
                 )
                 setChanged()
-                setMsg("VM migrated to " + vmhost)
+                setMsg(f"VM migrated to {vmhost}")
             except Exception as e:
                 setMsg("Failed to set startup host.")
                 setMsg(str(e))
@@ -1090,7 +1090,7 @@ class RHEV(object):
                     bootselect = True
 
         for disk in disks:
-            diskname = name + "_Disk" + str(counter) + "_" + disk.get('name', '').replace('/', '_')
+            diskname = f"{name}_Disk{counter}_{disk.get('name', '').replace('/', '_')}"
             disksize = disk.get('size', 1)
             diskdomain = disk.get('domain', None)
             if diskdomain is None:
@@ -1207,7 +1207,7 @@ class RHEV(object):
             return False
 
         if state == VM.status.state:
-            setMsg("VM state was already " + state)
+            setMsg(f"VM state was already {state}")
         else:
             if state == "up":
                 setMsg("VM is going to start")
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ class RHEV(object):
                 checkFail()
                 self.setPower(vmname, "up", timeout)
             checkFail()
-            setMsg("the vm state is set to " + state)
+            setMsg(f"the vm state is set to {state}")
         return True
 
     def setCD(self, vmname, cd_drive):
diff --git a/plugins/modules/rhsm_release.py b/plugins/modules/rhsm_release.py
index 7034713c04..f42096698f 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/rhsm_release.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/rhsm_release.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ def main():
 
     # sanity check: the target release at least looks like a valid release
     if target_release and not release_matcher.findall(target_release):
-        module.fail_json(msg='"{0}" does not appear to be a valid release.'.format(target_release))
+        module.fail_json(msg=f'"{target_release}" does not appear to be a valid release.')
 
     # Will fail with useful error from s-m if system not subscribed
     current_release = get_release(module)
diff --git a/plugins/modules/rhsm_repository.py b/plugins/modules/rhsm_repository.py
index b5b4eab4dc..168145a384 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/rhsm_repository.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/rhsm_repository.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class Rhsm(object):
         if rc == 0 and out == 'This system has no repositories available through subscriptions.\n':
             self.module.fail_json(msg='This system has no repositories available through subscriptions')
         elif rc == 1:
-            self.module.fail_json(msg='subscription-manager failed with the following error: %s' % err)
+            self.module.fail_json(msg=f'subscription-manager failed with the following error: {err}')
         else:
             return rc, out, err
 
@@ -181,22 +181,22 @@ def repository_modify(module, rhsm, state, name, purge=False):
 
     for repoid in matched_existing_repo:
         if len(matched_existing_repo[repoid]) == 0:
-            results.append("%s is not a valid repository ID" % repoid)
-            module.fail_json(results=results, msg="%s is not a valid repository ID" % repoid)
+            results.append(f"{repoid} is not a valid repository ID")
+            module.fail_json(results=results, msg=f"{repoid} is not a valid repository ID")
         for repo in matched_existing_repo[repoid]:
             if state in ['disabled', 'absent']:
                 if repo['enabled']:
                     changed = True
-                    diff_before += "Repository '%s' is enabled for this system\n" % repo['id']
-                    diff_after += "Repository '%s' is disabled for this system\n" % repo['id']
-                results.append("Repository '%s' is disabled for this system" % repo['id'])
+                    diff_before += f"Repository '{repo['id']}' is enabled for this system\n"
+                    diff_after += f"Repository '{repo['id']}' is disabled for this system\n"
+                results.append(f"Repository '{repo['id']}' is disabled for this system")
                 rhsm_arguments += ['--disable', repo['id']]
             elif state in ['enabled', 'present']:
                 if not repo['enabled']:
                     changed = True
-                    diff_before += "Repository '%s' is disabled for this system\n" % repo['id']
-                    diff_after += "Repository '%s' is enabled for this system\n" % repo['id']
-                results.append("Repository '%s' is enabled for this system" % repo['id'])
+                    diff_before += f"Repository '{repo['id']}' is disabled for this system\n"
+                    diff_after += f"Repository '{repo['id']}' is enabled for this system\n"
+                results.append(f"Repository '{repo['id']}' is enabled for this system")
                 rhsm_arguments += ['--enable', repo['id']]
 
     # Disable all enabled repos on the system that are not in the task and not
@@ -208,9 +208,9 @@ def repository_modify(module, rhsm, state, name, purge=False):
         if len(difference) > 0:
             for repoid in difference:
                 changed = True
-                diff_before.join("Repository '{repoid}'' is enabled for this system\n".format(repoid=repoid))
-                diff_after.join("Repository '{repoid}' is disabled for this system\n".format(repoid=repoid))
-                results.append("Repository '{repoid}' is disabled for this system".format(repoid=repoid))
+                diff_before.join(f"Repository '{repoid}'' is enabled for this system\n")
+                diff_after.join(f"Repository '{repoid}' is disabled for this system\n")
+                results.append(f"Repository '{repoid}' is disabled for this system")
                 rhsm_arguments.extend(['--disable', repoid])
             for updated_repo in updated_repo_list:
                 if updated_repo['id'] in difference:
diff --git a/plugins/modules/riak.py b/plugins/modules/riak.py
index 4f3ac14e13..7b1ce92b4f 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/riak.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/riak.py
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def main():
     while True:
         if time.time() > timeout:
             module.fail_json(msg='Timeout, could not fetch Riak stats.')
-        (response, info) = fetch_url(module, 'http://%s/stats' % (http_conn), force=True, timeout=5)
+        (response, info) = fetch_url(module, f'http://{http_conn}/stats', force=True, timeout=5)
         if info['status'] == 200:
             stats_raw = response.read()
             break
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ def main():
                 module.fail_json(msg='Timeout waiting for handoffs.')
 
     if wait_for_service:
-        cmd = riak_admin_bin + ['wait_for_service', 'riak_%s' % wait_for_service, node_name]
+        cmd = riak_admin_bin + ['wait_for_service', f'riak_{wait_for_service}', node_name]
         rc, out, err = module.run_command(cmd)
         result['service'] = out
 
diff --git a/plugins/modules/rocketchat.py b/plugins/modules/rocketchat.py
index 8bbc1e153b..0675db61b5 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/rocketchat.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/rocketchat.py
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ def build_payload_for_rocketchat(module, text, channel, username, icon_url, icon
         if channel[0] == '#' or channel[0] == '@':
             payload['channel'] = channel
         else:
-            payload['channel'] = '#' + channel
+            payload['channel'] = f"#{channel}"
     if username is not None:
         payload['username'] = username
     if icon_emoji is not None:
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ def build_payload_for_rocketchat(module, text, channel, username, icon_url, icon
 
     payload = module.jsonify(payload)
     if is_pre740:
-        payload = "payload=" + payload
+        payload = f"payload={payload}"
     return payload
 
 
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@ def do_notify_rocketchat(module, domain, token, protocol, payload, is_pre740):
         headers = {'Content-type': 'application/json'}
     response, info = fetch_url(module, rocketchat_incoming_webhook, data=payload, headers=headers)
     if info['status'] != 200:
-        module.fail_json(msg="failed to send message, return status=%s" % str(info['status']))
+        module.fail_json(msg=f"failed to send message, return status={info['status']}")
 
 
 def main():
diff --git a/plugins/modules/rollbar_deployment.py b/plugins/modules/rollbar_deployment.py
index 383573d8c7..60930af680 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/rollbar_deployment.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/rollbar_deployment.py
@@ -88,7 +88,6 @@ import traceback
 from urllib.parse import urlencode
 
 from ansible.module_utils.basic import AnsibleModule
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
 from ansible.module_utils.urls import fetch_url
 
 
@@ -132,12 +131,12 @@ def main():
         data = urlencode(params)
         response, info = fetch_url(module, url, data=data, method='POST')
     except Exception as e:
-        module.fail_json(msg='Unable to notify Rollbar: %s' % to_native(e), exception=traceback.format_exc())
+        module.fail_json(msg=f'Unable to notify Rollbar: {e}', exception=traceback.format_exc())
     else:
         if info['status'] == 200:
             module.exit_json(changed=True)
         else:
-            module.fail_json(msg='HTTP result code: %d connecting to %s' % (info['status'], url))
+            module.fail_json(msg=f"HTTP result code: {info['status']} connecting to {url}")
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/plugins/modules/rundeck_acl_policy.py b/plugins/modules/rundeck_acl_policy.py
index e93363cea2..ed7dc2abbc 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/rundeck_acl_policy.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/rundeck_acl_policy.py
@@ -128,12 +128,9 @@ class RundeckACLManager:
     def __init__(self, module):
         self.module = module
         if module.params.get("project"):
-            self.endpoint = "project/%s/acl/%s.aclpolicy" % (
-                self.module.params["project"],
-                self.module.params["name"],
-            )
+            self.endpoint = f"project/{self.module.params['project']}/acl/{self.module.params['name']}.aclpolicy"
         else:
-            self.endpoint = "system/acl/%s.aclpolicy" % self.module.params["name"]
+            self.endpoint = f"system/acl/{self.module.params['name']}.aclpolicy"
 
     def get_acl(self):
         resp, info = api_request(
@@ -160,12 +157,11 @@ class RundeckACLManager:
             if info["status"] == 201:
                 self.module.exit_json(changed=True, before={}, after=self.get_acl())
             elif info["status"] == 400:
-                self.module.fail_json(msg="Unable to validate acl %s. Please ensure it is a valid ACL" %
-                                          self.module.params["name"])
+                self.module.fail_json(msg=f"Unable to validate acl {self.module.params['name']}. Please ensure it is a valid ACL")
             elif info["status"] == 409:
-                self.module.fail_json(msg="ACL %s already exists" % self.module.params["name"])
+                self.module.fail_json(msg=f"ACL {self.module.params['name']} already exists")
             else:
-                self.module.fail_json(msg="Unhandled HTTP status %d, please report the bug" % info["status"],
+                self.module.fail_json(msg=f"Unhandled HTTP status {info['status']}, please report the bug",
                                       before={}, after=self.get_acl())
         else:
             if facts["contents"] == self.module.params["policy"]:
@@ -184,10 +180,9 @@ class RundeckACLManager:
             if info["status"] == 200:
                 self.module.exit_json(changed=True, before=facts, after=self.get_acl())
             elif info["status"] == 400:
-                self.module.fail_json(msg="Unable to validate acl %s. Please ensure it is a valid ACL" %
-                                          self.module.params["name"])
+                self.module.fail_json(msg=f"Unable to validate acl {self.module.params['name']}. Please ensure it is a valid ACL")
             elif info["status"] == 404:
-                self.module.fail_json(msg="ACL %s doesn't exists. Cannot update." % self.module.params["name"])
+                self.module.fail_json(msg=f"ACL {self.module.params['name']} doesn't exists. Cannot update.")
 
     def remove_acl(self):
         facts = self.get_acl()
diff --git a/plugins/modules/rundeck_job_executions_info.py b/plugins/modules/rundeck_job_executions_info.py
index 4c4bd85d09..dbc3adad20 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/rundeck_job_executions_info.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/rundeck_job_executions_info.py
@@ -149,8 +149,7 @@ class RundeckJobExecutionsInfo(object):
     def job_executions(self):
         response, info = api_request(
             module=self.module,
-            endpoint="job/%s/executions?offset=%s&max=%s&status=%s"
-                     % (quote(self.job_id), self.offset, self.max, self.status),
+            endpoint=f"job/{quote(self.job_id)}/executions?offset={self.offset}&max={self.max}&status={self.status}",
             method="GET"
         )
 
diff --git a/plugins/modules/rundeck_job_run.py b/plugins/modules/rundeck_job_run.py
index 768e67967a..2c95346920 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/rundeck_job_run.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/rundeck_job_run.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ class RundeckJobRun(object):
         for k, v in self.job_options.items():
             if not isinstance(v, str):
                 self.module.exit_json(
-                    msg="Job option '%s' value must be a string" % k,
+                    msg=f"Job option '{k}' value must be a string",
                     execution_info={}
                 )
 
@@ -217,17 +217,17 @@ class RundeckJobRun(object):
         due = datetime.now() + timedelta(seconds=self.wait_execution_timeout)
 
         while not timeout:
-            endpoint = "execution/%d" % execution_id
+            endpoint = f"execution/{execution_id}"
             response = api_request(module=self.module, endpoint=endpoint)[0]
             output = api_request(module=self.module,
-                                 endpoint="execution/%d/output" % execution_id)
+                                 endpoint=f"execution/{execution_id}/output")
             log_output = "\n".join([x["log"] for x in output[0]["entries"]])
             response.update({"output": log_output})
 
             if response["status"] == "aborted":
                 break
             elif response["status"] == "scheduled":
-                self.module.exit_json(msg="Job scheduled to run at %s" % self.run_at_time,
+                self.module.exit_json(msg=f"Job scheduled to run at {self.run_at_time}",
                                       execution_info=response,
                                       changed=True)
             elif response["status"] == "failed":
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ class RundeckJobRun(object):
     def job_run(self):
         response, info = api_request(
             module=self.module,
-            endpoint="job/%s/run" % quote(self.job_id),
+            endpoint=f"job/{quote(self.job_id)}/run",
             method="POST",
             data={
                 "loglevel": self.loglevel,
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ class RundeckJobRun(object):
             if self.abort_on_timeout:
                 api_request(
                     module=self.module,
-                    endpoint="execution/%s/abort" % response['id'],
+                    endpoint=f"execution/{response['id']}/abort",
                     method="GET"
                 )
 
diff --git a/plugins/modules/rundeck_project.py b/plugins/modules/rundeck_project.py
index 47db41a744..ce67614987 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/rundeck_project.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/rundeck_project.py
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ class RundeckProjectManager(object):
     def get_project_facts(self):
         resp, info = api_request(
             module=self.module,
-            endpoint="project/%s" % self.module.params["name"],
+            endpoint=f"project/{self.module.params['name']}",
         )
 
         return resp
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ class RundeckProjectManager(object):
             if info["status"] == 201:
                 self.module.exit_json(changed=True, before={}, after=self.get_project_facts())
             else:
-                self.module.fail_json(msg="Unhandled HTTP status %d, please report the bug" % info["status"],
+                self.module.fail_json(msg=f"Unhandled HTTP status {info['status']}, please report the bug",
                                       before={}, after=self.get_project_facts())
         else:
             self.module.exit_json(changed=False, before=facts, after=facts)
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class RundeckProjectManager(object):
             if not self.module.check_mode:
                 api_request(
                     module=self.module,
-                    endpoint="project/%s" % self.module.params["name"],
+                    endpoint=f"project/{self.module.params['name']}",
                     method="DELETE",
                 )
 
diff --git a/plugins/modules/runit.py b/plugins/modules/runit.py
index d5acba36d3..917b0bc395 100644
--- a/plugins/modules/runit.py
+++ b/plugins/modules/runit.py
@@ -87,7 +87,6 @@ import os
 import re
 
 from ansible.module_utils.basic import AnsibleModule
-from ansible.module_utils.common.text.converters import to_native
 
 
 class Sv(object):
@@ -113,8 +112,8 @@ class Sv(object):
 
         self.svc_cmd = module.get_bin_path('sv', opt_dirs=self.extra_paths, required=True)
         self.svstat_cmd = module.get_bin_path('sv', opt_dirs=self.extra_paths)
-        self.svc_full = '/'.join([self.service_dir, self.name])
-        self.src_full = '/'.join([self.service_src, self.name])
+        self.svc_full = f"{self.service_dir}/{self.name}"
+        self.src_full = f"{self.service_src}/{self.name}"
 
         self.enabled = os.path.lexists(self.svc_full)
         if self.enabled:
@@ -127,16 +126,16 @@ class Sv(object):
             try:
                 os.symlink(self.src_full, self.svc_full)
             except OSError as e:
-                self.module.fail_json(path=self.src_full, msg='Error while linking: %s' % to_native(e))
+                self.module.fail_json(path=self.src_full, msg=f'Error while linking: {e}')
         else:
-            self.module.fail_json(msg="Could not find source for service to enable (%s)." % self.src_full)
+            self.module.fail_json(msg=f"Could not find source for service to enable ({self.src_full}).")
 
     def disable(self):
         self.execute_command([self.svc_cmd, 'force-stop', self.src_full])
         try:
             os.unlink(self.svc_full)
         except OSError as e:
-            self.module.fail_json(path=self.svc_full, msg='Error while unlinking: %s' % to_native(e))
+            self.module.fail_json(path=self.svc_full, msg=f'Error while unlinking: {e}')
 
     def get_status(self):
         (rc, out, err) = self.execute_command([self.svstat_cmd, 'status', self.svc_full])
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ class Sv(object):
         try:
             (rc, out, err) = self.module.run_command(cmd)
         except Exception as e:
-            self.module.fail_json(msg="failed to execute: %s" % to_native(e))
+            self.module.fail_json(msg=f"failed to execute: {e}")
         return rc, out, err
 
     def report(self):
@@ -243,7 +242,7 @@ def main():
                 else:
                     sv.disable()
             except (OSError, IOError) as e:
-                module.fail_json(msg="Could not change service link: %s" % to_native(e))
+                module.fail_json(msg=f"Could not change service link: {e}")
 
     if state is not None and state != sv.state:
         changed = True